Size, trend, and policy implications of the underground economy

Cash, Money Laundering, and the Size of Underground Economy

Given a vast empirical evidence that cash is widely used in the underground economy, inter-governmental bodies like FATF recommend policy measures aimed at limitation of cash and at combat of money laundering. We show that there is no simple monotone relationship between policy and the size of underground economy, so that the policy has at best a limited scope.

Underground Economy And Tax Gap

The Underground Economy

DDoS DDoS is distributed denial of service, or an attack that focuses on using the power of a large number of computers to deny users access to a particular service. This attack is powerful and can often bring down entire websites by hitting them with a large amount of traffic. It is difficult to defend against when the attacker is using a botnet because the machines are distributed across the ...

the effect of taxes and their components on size of underground economy in iran (1973-2003)

underground economy affects important indexes such as formal gdp, unemployment, consumption, production and etc. therefore it is necessary to identify elements and factors which affect underground economy to restrict it. surveys and studies indicate the size of iran’s underground economy is high and taxes, quantity and quality of regulations and performance of formal economy are the important f...

Financial development and the underground economy

a r t i c l e i n f o We provide a theoretical and empirical study of the relation between financial development and the size of the underground economy. In our theoretical framework agents allocate investment between a low-return technology which can be operated with internal funds, and a high-return technology which requires external finance. Firms can reduce the cost of funding by disclosing...